Major Points
The concept of atoms is a very useful one. It explains many important observations, such as why compounds always have the same composition (a specific compound always contains the same types and numbers of atoms) and how chemical reactions occur (they involve a rearrangement of atoms). 11.1 Rutherford's Atom Remember that in Chapter 4 we discussed the idea that an atom has a small positive core (called the nucleus) with negatively charged electrons moving around the nucleus in some way. This concept of a nuclear atom resulted from Ernest Rutherford's experiments. |
Chapter 4 - Chemical Foundations: Elements, Atoms, and Ions
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Major Points
Elements are represented by symbols that usually consist of the first one or two letters of the element’s name. Sometimes, however, the symbol is taken from the element’s original Latin or Greek name. 4.1 The Elements In studying the materials of the earth (and other parts of the universe), scientists have found that all matter can be broken down chemically into about 100 different elements. |
Chapter 3 - Matter
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Major Points
Matter, the “stuff” of which the universe is composed, has two characteristics: it has mass and it occupies space. 3.1 Matter Matter, the “stuff” of which the universe is composed, has two characteristics: it has mass and it occupies space. [...] Read more >> |
Chapter 2 - Measurements and Calculations
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Major Points
A quantitative observation is called a measurement. A measurement always consist of two parts: a number and a unit that tells us the scale being used. Both parts are necessary to make the measure measurement meaningful. 2.1 Scientific Notation To show how very large or very small numbers can be expressed as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10. Scientific notion is a method for making [...] Read more >> |
Chapter 1 - Chemistry: An Introduction
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Major Points
Chemistry is the science that deals with materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo. Chemistry is often called the central science. Branches of Chemistry
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